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React next 报错 err_require_esm


Errors#

Applications running in Node.js will generally experience the following categories of errors:

  • <EvalError>, <SyntaxError>, <RangeError>, <ReferenceError>, <TypeError>, and <URIError>.
  • Standard s.
  • System errors triggered by underlying operating system constraints such as attempting to open a file that does not exist or attempting to send data over a closed socket.
  • s are a special class of error that can be triggered when Node.js detects an exceptional logic violation that should never occur. These are raised typically by the module.
  • User-specified errors triggered by application code.

<Error> class and are guaranteed to provide at least the properties available on that class.

The property of errors raised by Node.js may be changed in any versions. Use to identify an error instead. For a , use to identify its type.

Error propagation and interception#

Node.js supports several mechanisms for propagating and handling errors that occur while an application is running. How these errors are reported and handled depends entirely on the type of and the style of the API that is called.

immediately mechanism. These are handled using

ES Modules (ESM) in Electron

Introduction​

The ECMAScript module (ESM) format is .

Chromium and Node.js have their own implementations of the ESM specification, and Electron chooses which module loader to use depending on the context.

This document serves to outline the limitations of ESM in Electron and the differences between ESM in Electron and ESM in Node.js and Chromium.

info

This feature was added in .

Summary: ESM support matrix​

This table gives a general overview of where ESM is supported and which ESM loader is used.

Main process​

Electron's main process runs in a Node.js context and uses its ESM loader. Usage should follow Node's ESM documentation. To enable ESM in a file in the main process, one of the following conditions must be met:

  • The file ends with the extension
  • The nearest parent package.json has set

See Node's Determining Module System doc for more details.

Caveats​

You must use generously before the app's event​

ES Modules are loaded asynchronously. This means that only side effects from the main process entry point's imports will execute before the event.

This is important because certain Electron APIs (e.g. ) need to be called bef

Troubleshooting ​

Are you an LLM? You can read better optimized documentation at /guide/troubleshooting.md for this page in Markdown format

See Rollup's troubleshooting guide for more information too.

If the suggestions here don't labor, please try posting questions on GitHub Discussions or in the channel of Vite Land Discord.

CLI ​

​

The path to your undertaking folder may include , which doesn't work with on Windows (npm/cmd-shim#45).

You will need to either:

  • Switch to another package manager (e.g. , )
  • Remove from the route to your project

Config ​

This package is ESM only ​

When importing a ESM only package by , the following error happens.

Failed to resolve "foo". This package is ESM only but it was tried to load by .

Error [ERR_REQUIRE_ESM]: require() of ES Module /path/to/dependency.js from /path/to/vite.config.js not supported. Instead change the call for of index.js in /path/to/vite.config.js to a dynamic import() which is available in all CommonJS modules.

In Node.js <=22, ESM files cannot be loaded by by default.

While it may work using , or Node.js >22, or in other runtimes, we still encourage converting your config to ESM by

react next 报错 err_require_esm

Error: Importing a component that needs useState. It only works in a Client Component, but none of its parents are marked with use client, so they're Server Components by default.

Shivan M.

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The ProblemThe Problem

When using in a component in Next.js 13, you might encounter the following error:

Click to Copy

This error occurs when using the directory. By default, in Next.js 13, components are marked as Server Components. This means that the HTML is compiled on the server and sent to the client. Server Components shouldn’t contain any code that uses browser-specific APIs, or hooks that are specifically intended for client-side usage (like ).

The SolutionThe Solution

To resolve this error, you can use the directive to mark components as Client Components.

The component below would result in the error in question:

Click to Copy

By adding the directive, we resolve the error:

Click to Copy

If you want to use a component marked as a Client Component in a Server Component (for example, a third-party library), export the component from the folder at the same level as the directory.

Click to Copy

Then, in your Server Component:

Click to Copy

Next.js ERR_REQUIRE_ESM

Shivan M.

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The ProblemThe Problem

Installing and importing third-party packages into your Next.js application can create troublesome errors. Usually, these errors are the result of version mismatches and incorrect import statements.

Click to Copy

ES modules make use of the statement instead of the statement. You may run into this issue when trying to use the statement to add a package to your application that is an ES module.

The SolutionThe Solution

Migration to ESMMigration to ESM

When importing third-party packages, a new release could convert the package into an ESM-only package. In this case, the package can no longer be imported using and instead you have to use a .

Suppose you have a library called that was previously a CJS (CommonJS) module, imported as follows:

Click to Copy

If this package has migrated to be an ESM-only package, you now need to import it like so:

Click to Copy

Downgrade PackagesDowngrade Packages

If the error is not occurring in your codebase, but rather in one of your dependencies, it could be that you have changed the version of a transitive dependency without realizing it.

In the code below, we re